Hai Huang

The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medncine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2024, Vol. 14, No. 3   
Received: 11 May, 2024    Accepted: 14 Jun., 2024    Published: 28 Jun., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study evaluates the efficacy, challenges, and future directions of breast cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), CAR-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Key findings indicate that while ICIs, especially in combination with chemotherapy, has demonstrated durable responses, its efficacy as a monotherapy remains limited, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Case-based analyses reveal the potential of personalized immunotherapy approaches, such as adoptive cell transfer and neoadjuvant immunotherapy, in achieving significant clinical outcomes even in treatment-resistant cases. However, significant challenges persist, including tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion mechanisms, adverse effects, and the need for robust predictive biomarkers. The study highlights the potential of combination strategies and innovative therapies, such as bi-specific antibodies and oncolytic virus therapy, to overcome these barriers. Future research must focus on identifying precise biomarkers, understanding resistance mechanisms, and developing novel immunotherapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. This comprehensive analysis underscores the promising potential of immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment and the need for ongoing innovation and research to address existing challenges.

Breast cancer; Immunotherapy; Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); Predictive biomarkers