Xiaoji Xuan

Physicov Med. Tech. Ltd., Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2024, Vol. 14, No. 5   
Received: 20 Jul., 2024    Accepted: 29 Aug., 2024    Published: 30 Sep., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The emergence of new antidiabetic drugs, including sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, has significantly transformed the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review assesses the clinical efficacy, cardiovascular benefits, and long-term effects of these drug classes, while also discussing their safety and cost-effectiveness. SGLT2 inhibitors have shown strong effects in cardiovascular and renal protection, particularly in reducing hospitalization for heart failure and slowing the progression of kidney disease. On the other hand, GLP-1 receptor agonists have been outstanding in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Combination therapies involving these drugs offer superior glycemic control and cardiovascular protection compared to monotherapy. The study explores the impact of personalized medicine, highlighting the role of pharmacogenomics in optimizing treatments and minimizing adverse reactions. Future research should focus on improving the affordability and accessibility of these therapies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, while continuing to develop next-generation treatments and integrated digital health solutions.

SGLT2 inhibitors; GLP-1 receptor agonists; Type 2 diabetes;Cardiovascular benefits; Personalized medicine