Jianmin Liu

Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Haiding, 100193, Beijing, China
Author    Correspondence author
Journal of Vaccine Research, 2024, Vol. 14, No. 2   
Received: 18 Mar., 2024    Accepted: 22 Apr., 2024    Published: 03 May, 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The study highlights several key findings regarding the use of adjuvants in cancer vaccines. Adjuvants such as Toll-like receptor agonists, saponins, and cytokines have been shown to significantly enhance the immune response by promoting antigen presentation and stimulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Novel adjuvants like QS-21 have demonstrated the ability to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the release of cytokines crucial for Th1 responses, thereby improving vaccine efficacy. Additionally, combinatorial adjuvant strategies that target multiple branches of the immune response have been found to overcome obstacles related to antigen immunogenicity and tumor immune suppression. The use of adjuvants in conjunction with other treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy has also been shown to enhance the overall immune response in a compromised environment. The findings underscore the critical role of adjuvants in the development of effective cancer vaccines. By enhancing antigen presentation and stimulating robust immune responses, adjuvants can significantly improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Future research should focus on optimizing adjuvant formulations and exploring novel adjuvant combinations to further enhance the therapeutic potential of cancer vaccines.

Cancer vaccines; Adjuvants; Immunogenicity; Immune response; Tumor antigens; QS-21, Toll-like receptor agonists; Combinatorial adjuvant strategies