Anita wang

Author    Correspondence author
Journal of Vaccine Research, 2024, Vol. 14, No.   
Received: 01 Jan., 1970    Accepted: 01 Jan., 1970    Published: 11 Oct., 2024

mRNA COVID-19 vaccines represent a new vaccine technology that triggers an immune response by encoding the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Compared to traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines offer advantages such as rapid development, strong immunogenicity, and flexibility. However, research on their long-term immunogenicity and safety is still ongoing. This study reviews the long-term immunogenicity and safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, analyzing the persistence of immunity in different populations and potential long-term safety issues. Through a review of recent studies, the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines over time is explored, and the long-term safety in various groups is assessed. Research shows that mRNA vaccines can maintain high immunogenicity for several months post-vaccination, but antibody levels and T-cell responses gradually decrease over time. Immunocompromised patients and organ transplant recipients exhibit weaker immune responses, but a third vaccine dose can significantly enhance their immune response. Overall, mRNA vaccines demonstrate favorable long-term safety, with side effects primarily consisting of mild and transient local and systemic reactions. Exploring the long-term immunogenicity and safety of mRNA vaccines is crucial for public health policy-making and future vaccine development. These studies can help scientists and physicians better understand the protective effects of mRNA vaccines and optimize vaccination strategies to enhance global capacity to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.