Jianmin Liu

Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Haiding, 100193, Beijing, China
Author    Correspondence author
Journal of Vaccine Research, 2024, Vol. 14, No. 5   
Received: 15 Aug., 2024    Accepted: 21 Sep., 2024    Published: 12 Nov., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study discusses the future directions of cancer vaccines for breast cancer, with a focus on personalized and multi-antigen vaccines, combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vaccine development for metastatic breast cancer. Personalized neoantigen vaccines leverage tumor-specific mutations to elicit a targeted immune response, while multi-antigen vaccines enhance immune efficacy by targeting multiple tumor antigens. Combining vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors can turn “cold” tumors into “hot” ones, thereby enhancing antitumor immunity. Dendritic cell vaccines and nanoparticle-based vaccines show promise for metastatic breast cancer. Future research should focus on optimizing vaccine formulations, modulating the tumor microenvironment, and developing personalized treatment strategies to improve the efficacy and long-term durability of cancer vaccines in breast cancer patients.

Breast cancer; Cancer vaccine; Personalized vaccine; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Metastatic breast cancer