Research Insight

Exploring mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Preclinical and Clinical Insights  

Yong Zhang
Beijing Sino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chaoyang, 100020, Beijing, China
Author    Correspondence author
Journal of Vaccine Research, 2025, Vol. 15, No. 2   
Received: 08 Jan., 2025    Accepted: 20 Feb., 2025    Published: 10 Mar., 2025
© 2025 BioPublisher Publishing Platform
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract

Influenza stubbornly resists control. Most years bring seasonal waves; every so often a much larger one arrives, leaving illness and loss in its wake. Traditional vaccines-inactivated or live-attenuated-remain useful, yet their limits are plain: antigenic drift keeps reshaping circulating strains, and manufacturing timelines too often trail the virus. In short, influenza moves faster than we do. mRNA vaccines change the tempo: designs can go from sequence to candidate within weeks, the platform scales readily, and a single construct can encode multiple antigens (HA, NA, even NP) to broaden the target. This review draws together results from animal models and early human studies; taken as a whole, the signal is encouraging-mRNA platforms elicit strong antibody and T-cell responses with reassuring safety. Refinements at the molecule and formulation levels-nucleoside modification, tuned lipid nanoparticles, self-amplifying formats-have further boosted stability and potency, enabling dose-sparing strategies and perhaps longer protection. Unlike conventional approaches, this adaptability also points toward universal or multivalent vaccines that might span several influenza A subtypes and both B lineages. Even so, success at scale will hinge on practicalities: cold-chain handling, streamlined regulation for yearly updates, and, not least, public confidence. If those pieces fall into place, mRNA influenza vaccines could shift from promising alternative to a core tool for seasonal control and pandemic readiness.

Keywords
mRNA vaccines; Influenza; antigenic drift; Preclinical research; clinical trials; mRNA-1010; Lipid nanoparticles; Universal influenza vaccine; Multivalent formulations; Vaccine innovation
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