Scientists Make Promising Discovery in Fight Against Breast Cancer
Published:16 Aug.2023 Source:University of Liverpool
Scientists from the Chemistry and Biochemistry Departments at the University of Liverpool and Nanjing Medical School in China have discovered a possible way to block proteins produced in the body when a patient has cancer and which causes its spread to other parts of the body. This process, called metastasis, is largely responsible for patient deaths. The major problem hindering the successful treatment of commonly occurring cancers is not the primary tumour which can usually be removed by surgery, but its spread to other organs of the body.
The University's research team have in the past discovered that specific proteins are involved in the metastatic process; these proteins are different from those involved in the production of the primary tumour. One such example is a protein called 'S100A4', and is the protein chosen by the research team to target for the identification of chemical inhibitors of metastasis, using model systems of cells from the highly metastatic and incurable hormone receptor-free breast cancer.
Using these model systems, researchers at the University's Department of Biochemistry discovered a novel compound that can specifically block the interaction of this metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 with its target inside the cell. Researchers in the Department of Chemistry then synthesised a simpler chemical and connected it to a warhead which stimulates the normal protein degrading machinery of a cell. This compound now works at very low doses to inhibit properties associated with metastasis, an improvement of over 20 000-fold on the original unarmed inhibitor, with virtually no toxic side effects. Moreover, in collaboration with Chinese researchers at Nanjing Medical School, they have shown that this compound inhibits metastasis in similar metastatic tumours in mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic role.